Kathmandu: Following the conclusion of the two-week-long UN climate summit, COP28, a range of reactions has emerged from various groups, revealing a mix of concern and cautious optimism.

Madeleine Diouf Sarr, Chair of the UN Least Developed Countries Group, expressed disappointment, stating, "This outcome is not perfect; we expected more. It reflects the very lowest possible ambition that we could accept rather than what we know, according to the best available science, is necessary to urgently address the climate crisis." While she acknowledged the historic decision to include 'fossil fuel' references, she expressed concerns about potential loopholes that could limit true emissions reductions.

Kelly Sims Gallagher, Dean and Professor at Fletcher School, emphasized that although the language on 'transitioning away from fossil fuels' is a positive signal to the market, there is a critical need to peak global emissions as soon as possible, with immediate and sustained reductions, which the decision text lacks.

Harjeet Singh, Head of Global Political Strategy at Climate Action Network International, highlighted the significance of COP28's focus on the real culprits of the climate crisis: fossil fuels. However, he expressed concern about potential escape routes for the fossil fuel industry embedded in the resolution.

Bimal Raj Regmi, a member of the National Climate Council and keen observer of COP28, noted that the inclusion of mountains in the decision text related to the global stocktake and global goal on adaptation is an achievement for Nepal. However, he criticized the lack of impactful support for vulnerable communities in the text, especially in addressing the urgent needs for climate adaptation.